Training: Cold Stress and Related Dangers

Cold stress is a serious occupational hazard for workers who must perform their duties in cold environments. OSHA defines cold stress as occurring when the body's ability to maintain its normal temperature is overwhelmed by exposure to cold air, wind, and moisture. Both employers and workers share the responsibility for preventing cold stress injuries.

Contributing Factors

Several factors increase the risk of cold stress:

• Wind chill — wind dramatically accelerates heat loss from the body
• Moisture — wet clothing loses much of its insulating value
• Level of physical activity and preparedness
• Individual health conditions

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature drops dangerously low. Warning signs include uncontrolled shivering, slurred speech, and loss of coordination. In severe cases, shivering stops, muscles become rigid, consciousness is lost, and pulse and respiration rates decrease. Treatment: move the person to a warm, dry area, remove wet clothing, cover with blankets, and seek immediate medical attention.

Frostbite

Frostbite occurs when the skin and underlying tissues freeze. Symptoms include numbness, waxy or pale skin, and in severe cases, blisters and tissue death. Key treatment reminders: do not rub the affected area and do not apply snow or ice . Rewarm gradually and seek medical attention.

Trench Foot

Trench foot can occur even at temperatures above 60°F when feet are wet for extended periods. Symptoms include redness, swelling, numbness, and blistering. Treatment includes removing wet shoes and socks, drying feet, and keeping them elevated and warm.

Protect your workforce from cold weather hazards. Contact EWN to learn about our cold stress training programs.